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Battle of Québec
The Battle of Quebec was fought between American Continental Army forces and the British defenders of Quebec City early in the American Revolutionary War. The battle was the first major defeat of the war for the Americans, and it came with heavy losses. General Richard Montgomery was killed, Benedict Arnold was wounded, and Daniel Morgan and more than 400 men were taken prisoner. The city's garrison, a motley assortment of regular troops and militia led by Quebec's provincial governor, General Guy Carleton, suffered a small number of casualties.
In the battle and the following siege, French-speaking Canadians were active on both sides of the conflict. The American forces received supplies and logistical support from local residents, and the city's defenders included locally raised militia. When the Americans retreated, they were accompanied by a number of their supporters; those who remained behind were subjected to a variety of punishments after the British re-established control over the province.
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Featured article
The second part of the Sharps rifle article focuses on the practical use of the rifle. In this article we take a look at the different components that are needed when loading a black powder cartridge for a Sharps rifle: powder, brass, primers, bullets, bullet lube, and wads. As an example a .45-70 Shiloh Sharps is used.
Sharps Model 1874: Part 2 - Shooting
The 12 mm Remington rolling block

Published: 24 November 2007 by Øyvind Flatnes.
Edited: 25 November 2007.
Views: 65995


Modell 1867 Remington rolling block made at Kongsberg Våpenfabrikk (Kongsberg Armoury).
The 12 Remington was adopted by the Norwegian Army in 1867, and it was the the first metallic cartridge weapon in our military history. The calibre was 12,17 mm or .479" and the length of the case was first 42 mm, but was later lengthened to 44 mm. The official military name of the cartridge is 12 mm Remington. When the Remingtons were sold to civilians they where most often converted to fire centrefire cartridges. The advantage with centrefire cartridges was that the shooter could reload the case numerous times.
Find out more!
You can read more about the Norwegian, Swedish and Danish Remington rolling block rifles and carbines in the brand new book From Musket to Metallic Cartridge: A Practical History of Black Powder Firearms.
- Kongsberg: A crowned K.
- Husqvarna: H
- Carl Gustav: A crowned C.
- Stockholm gevärverkstad: A crowned S.
The first adopted Kongsberg model had these features:
- Length: 53.15"
- Weight: 8,8 lb.
- Barrel length: 37,4"
- The weapon was stocked in birch and delivered with a sabre bayonet.
Loading the cartridges
The first thing to do is to find all the things you need to reload a 12 mm Remington cartridge.
- Brass cases
- Bullets
- Bullet lube
- Black powder
- Caps (magnum caps seems to work best)
- Some sort of wad, milk carton shillings works great.
- A plate of bees wax.
Step 1: Make sure the gun is in a safe shooting condition.
Step 2: Prime the case. Use a wooden hammer or something like that and tap it gently into the case.
Step 3: Pour a pre measured or weighed charge into the case. The original charge was about 60 grains of 2F black powder. You can start a bit lower on the first shots.
Step 4: Put one or more of the milk carton shillings over the powder. It's important not to have any air between the powder and the bullet. If there is an air gap the gun can blow up! If you're using a small charge you'll have to build up the remaining space with the carton shillings. They also help scarping out fouling in the bore.
Step 5: Take the case muzzle and press it over the bees wax plate. Then you will have a wax shilling that fits exactly in the case. The wax helps keeping the fouling soft and gives better accuracy. This step is not necessary, and can be left out. To prevent the wax shilling sticking to the bullet in flight I use another carton shilling or a thin newspaper shilling over the wax.Step 6: Put a pre-lubed on top of the charge. Mind the air gap! The original lube was a sheep tallow/bees wax mix, but there are plenty of other bullet lube variations. It doesn't matter if the bullet is loose in the case, you just have to be careful when you're carrying it. The accuracy won't suffer from it. The cartridge is now ready to be fired.
After shooting
- Remove the caps.
- Wash the cases in soapy water
- Clean the gun and oil it.